Faktor Risiko Kehamilan Usia Dini: Tinjauan Literatur
Background: Early pregnancy, which occurs in women under 20 years of age, is a public health problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Pregnancy at this age increases the risk of maternal and neonatal complications, such as anemia, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and maternal death. Risk factors for early pregnancy are influenced by sociodemographic factors, education, culture, sexual behavior, and access to health services. Objective: This review aims to analyze empirical evidence related to risk factors for early pregnancy, with a focus on studies in Asia and Indonesia. Methods: The approach used was a narrative literature review of open-access journals, official WHO and UNICEF reports, and population and qualitative studies. The data reviewed comprised nine documents, and the search keywords included adolescent pregnancy, early pregnancy, risk factors, and Indonesia/Asia. Included studies addressed individual, family, social, cultural, and structural risk factors that contribute to adolescent pregnancy.. Results: The review indicates that low education, low socioeconomic status, lack of reproductive health knowledge, limited family communication, cultural norms that support early marriage, risky sexual behavior, and limited access to youth-friendly health services are the main risk factors for early pregnancy. Peer pressure and social norms increase the likelihood of adolescents becoming pregnant before they are physically and psychologically mature. Conclusion: Early pregnancy is a multifactorial phenomenon that requires a multisectoral intervention approach. Prevention strategies should include increased education, reproductive health education, family and community empowerment, and access to youth-friendly health services. These efforts are expected to reduce the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and its negative impact on adolescent health, education, and social well-being
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Analisis Sikap dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Program Penemuan Kasus TB Berbasis Komunitas
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge, and low community participation continues to hinder the effectiveness of community-based case finding programs. This study aimed to analyze community attitudes and participation in the implementation of the Community-Based TB Case Finding program in Kecamatan Murhum, Kota Baubau, with particular attention to social and psychosocial determinants. A mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design was employed. The quantitative phase involved a cross-sectional survey of 300 adult community members selected through multistage cluster sampling, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate tests, and multivariate logistic regression with cluster adjustment. The qualitative phase consisted of in-depth interviews with community members, health cadres, and local leaders to further explain the quantitative findings. The results indicate that community participation was generally moderate, with higher involvement in TB education and screening activities compared to contact tracing and referral support. Multivariate analysis identified perceived benefits of TB screening, trust in health cadres and services, and low TB-related stigma as the main predictors of good community participation after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Qualitative findings revealed that low participation was strongly influenced by fear of social stigma, concerns about economic consequences following TB diagnosis, and negative past experiences with health services. Conversely, high participation was observed in communities with active and trusted health cadres, persuasive risk communication, and strong involvement of respected community leaders. In conclusion, the success of Community-Based TB Case Finding depends not only on technical aspects and service availability but also on social dimensions such as attitudes, trust, and community engagement. Strengthening socially driven strategies is essential to enhance participation and support sustainable TB control efforts at the community level
PENGARUH CARING BEHAVIOR PERAWAT TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT SANTA ELISABETH MEDAN TAHUN 2024
Background: Anxiety is a psychological problem frequently experienced by patients undergoing hemodialysis, characterized by worry, anxiety, and various physical symptoms that can disrupt comfort and quality of life. Caring behavior is a nurse's action that reflects empathy, attention, and emotional support, which is believed to help reduce patient anxiety. Objective: To determine the effect of nurses' caring behavior on the anxiety levels of patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital, Medan, in 2024.Methods: The study used a one-group pretest–posttest design with a total sampling technique, involving 60 hemodialysis patients. Anxiety was measured using the Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZAS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Before the caring behavior intervention, 27 respondents (45%) experienced mild anxiety, 27 respondents (45%) experienced moderate anxiety, and 6 respondents (10%) experienced severe anxiety. After the intervention, 56 respondents (93.3%) experienced mild anxiety and 4 respondents (6.7%) experienced moderate anxiety. The paired t-test showed significant results (p < 0.001), indicating the effect of caring behavior on reducing anxiety. Conclusion: Nurses' caring behavior effectively reduces anxiety levels in hemodialysis patients. Consistent implementation of caring behavior needs to be improved as part of nursing services to support patient comfort and psychological health.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEIKUTSERTAAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI PESERTA BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL (BPJS) KESEHATAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TAPAKTUAN
The National Social Security System requires all Indonesian citizens to participate in the National Health Insurance (JKN) administered by BPJS Kesehatan as part of the national strategy to achieve universal health coverage. However, community participation in BPJS Kesehatan remains a challenge in several regions, including the Work Area of Tapaktuan Health Center in South Aceh District. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge and family support with community participation as BPJS Kesehatan members. A cross-sectional design was employed with a population consisting of all 403 heads of households in Air Berudang Village, from which 201 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate methods and the Chi-Square test for bivariable analysis at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed significant associations between knowledge and participation in BPJS Kesehatan (p = 0.0001), as well as between family support and participation (p = 0.0001). These findings indicate that both individual understanding of health insurance and supportive family environments play important roles in influencing enrollment behavior. Strengthening health literacy, enhancing community-based education, involving families in health insurance decision-making, and improving access to clear and practical information are essential strategies to increase participation and reduce the number of inactive members.
FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR (MOUTHWASH) DARI EKSTRAK BUAH LEMON (CITRUS LIMON (L.) BURM.F.) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK MULUT
Mouthwash is a liquid preparation designed to cleanse the respiratory tract and freshen the oral cavity through the rinsing process. In this study, the mouthwash was formulated using natural ingredients, specifically lemon peel extract. The aim of the research was to evaluate both the physical properties and stability of the lemon peel extract, as well as to assess its antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus mutans. This experimental laboratory study utilized the maceration method with 96% ethanol to obtain the lemon peel extract, and antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method. The results indicate that lemon peel extract can be successfully formulated into a mouthwash that meets physical quality standards, including organoleptic characteristics, pH level, clarity, and homogeneity. The lemon peel mouthwash formulation demonstrated inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus mutans growth, with inhibition zone diameters of 10.2 mm, 11.9 mm, 12.0 mm, 12.1 mm, and 12.1 mm for formulations F1, F2, F3, F4, and the positive control (K+), respectively. The highest inhibition was observed in formulation F4, measuring 12.1 mm, equivalent to the positive control
GAMBARAN PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RUMAH SAKIT SANTA ELISABETH MEDAN TAHUN 2024
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition of gradual, irreversible decline in kidney function, resulting in the body's inability to maintain metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte balance. This condition results in the accumulation of urea and other nitrogenous compounds in the bloodstream (uremia). Hemodialysis is the primary renal replacement therapy, which channels the patient's blood through a dialyzer—an artificial kidney with two chambers: a blood compartment and a dialysate compartment—separated by a semipermeable membrane to aid in the removal of metabolic waste. The purpose of the study was to determine the description of Chronic Kidney Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at the Hemodialysis Unit of Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2024. Methods: This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis therapy at the Hemodialysis Unit of Santa Elisabeth Hospital, Medan, in 2024. The study used a descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 60 patients were sampled using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct field observations. The research findings indicate that the largest age group was 41–50 years old, with 25 respondents (41.7%). In terms of education, the majority of respondents (23 respondents) had completed high school (38.3%). Based on gender, males were the dominant group, with 31 respondents (51.7%). The longest duration of hemodialysis was 2–3 years, with 34 respondents (56%). Regarding lifestyle, most respondents did not smoke (37 respondents; 61.7%), did not consume alcohol (40 respondents; 66.7%), and did not use herbal remedies (35 respondents; 58.3%). Furthermore, the majority of patients (32 respondents; 53.3%) consumed 600–1000 ml of water per day. Conclusion: Patients with chronic kidney disease are recommended to undergo regular hemodialysis therapy and maintain a healthy lifestyle, including avoiding smoking, not consuming alcohol, not using medications without a doctor's prescription, and meeting adequate daily fluid requirements
EVALUASI TINGKAT KEPUASAN PENGGUNA PENDAFTARAN ONLINE DENGAN METODE EUCS (END USER COMPUTING SATISFACTION) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT (RSUP) H. ADAM MALIK
Online registration is very interesting to study because the online registration system is a new thing in supporting the patient service process to be effective and efficient. This study aims to see the extent of patient satisfaction in using the online registration application. This type of research is qualitative, aimed at determining the level of satisfaction of online registration users at Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H. Adam Malik using the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method. The population used in this study is users who used online registration in May 2025. Sampling was done using accidental sampling techniques. The number of respondents needed in this study is 100 patients. Overall, the research results show that users of online registration services come from a variety of characteristic backgrounds in terms of age, education, and occupation. The evaluation results of user satisfaction in the online registration system at Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat H. Adam Malik using the EUCS method show that overall, in terms of content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and time, respondents expressed satisfaction (83%) and dissatisfaction (17%). Improvements are needed in the online registration system, including the availability of guides/tutorial videos for using online registration on the website and in the application, notifications if there are changes to the doctor's schedule, and barcode scanning at the Self Registration Kiosk can start 1 hour before the selected service time.
PERAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF OLEH GURU TK (TAMAN KANAK-KANAK) SEKOLAH PENGGERAK : IMPLEMENTASI TERHADAP KESEHATAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK
This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture on the effectiveness of implementing inclusive education by Kindergarten (TK) teachers at the Pengmobil School and its impact on children's health and development. Inclusive education implemented from an early age requires high teacher performance and is supported by an adaptive and collaborative school environment. An organizational culture that is open to diversity, upholds cooperation, and provides structural support is a key factor in the success of implementing inclusive education. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and correlational methods. The research sample was 80 Kindergarten teachers at the Driving School in Gunungsitoli City who were selected using a total sampling technique. An instrument in the form of a Likert questionnaire was used to measure teachers' perceptions of organizational culture and the effectiveness of implementing inclusive education. The research results show that there is a positive and significant influence between an inclusive and supportive organizational culture and teacher effectiveness in implementing inclusive education. A school environment that has a positive organizational culture contributes to creating a safe and supportive learning atmosphere for all children, especially children with special needs. The effectiveness of implementing inclusive education has a direct impact on improving children's overall mental health and social-emotional development. Therefore, cultural organizations need to be a main concern in early childhood education development policies and practices
OPTIMALISASI JADWAL PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SCHEDULING HEURISTIK
Radiology is a crucial medical support service for diagnosis and clinical decision-making. However, high patient volumes, limited equipment, and limited medical personnel often lead to inefficient examination scheduling, resulting in increased waiting times and low resource utilization. This study aims to optimize radiology examination schedules by applying a heuristic scheduling method. The heuristic approach was chosen because it can solve complex scheduling problems with near-optimal results in a short computation time. In this study, a scheduling model based on heuristic algorithms such as greedy and genetic algorithms was developed to minimize patient waiting times and maximize radiology equipment utilization. Simulation results show that the proposed model can reduce waiting times by up to 30% compared to conventional scheduling methods and significantly increase the efficiency of radiology equipment use. These findings demonstrate that heuristic methods have the potential to be an effective solution in supporting more efficient radiology service management and responsiveness to patient needs
METODE EKSTRAKSI TERBAIK UNTUK MEMPEROLEH HASIL KUALITAS OIL BODIES TERTINGGI DARI BIJI DAN BUAH:TINJAUAN TEMATIK
This review synthesizes research on extraction methods and maximum extraction yield and oil bodies from seeds and fruits from mechanical pressing or solvent extraction or enzymatic extraction to address variability in oil recovery efficiency and quality across plant matrices. The review aimed to evaluate mechanical, solvent, and enzymatic extraction methods; benchmark yield and quality; elucidate oil body roles; compare environmental impacts; and assess pretreatment effects. A systematic analysis of peer-reviewed studies employing conventional and emerging techniques, including ultrasound, microwave, and supercritical fluid extraction, was conducted. Enzymatic and ultrasound-assisted methods consistently achieved higher yields, often exceeding 60%, while preserving oil quality by maintaining low peroxide and acid values and enhancing bioactive compounds. Pretreatments disrupting seed microstructure and oil bodies synergistically improved extraction efficiency and oil stability. Green technologies demonstrated reduced solvent use and energy consumption, aligning with sustainability goals, though industrial scalability and economic feasibility require further validation. Integration of optimized pretreatment and extraction parameters enhanced process reproducibility and oil characteristics. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of combined enzymatic and assisted extraction methods to maximize yield and quality while minimizing environmental impact. This synthesis informs future research and industrial application toward sustainable, efficient oil recovery from diverse seeds and fruits
PEMANFAATAN SAWI PUTIH (BRASSICA RAPA (L.)) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ROSE ESSENTIAL OIL SEBAGAI MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF PENCERAH WAJAH
A peel-off gel mask is a cosmetic preparation in the form of a gel or paste that adheres to the face using a filming agent polymer, forming a cohesive plastic layer after drying, making it easy to remove without leaving residue. The extract of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa (L.)) contains vitamins C and K, which act as antioxidants, stimulate collagen production, reduce hyperpigmentation, and improve skin condition, making it ideal for a brightening face mask. The addition of rose essential oil serves as a fragrance due to its soft and therapeutic aroma, which is often used in aromatherapy to soothe, reduce stress, and relieve anxiety. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of cabbage leaf extract with the addition of rose essential oil in the formulation of a peel-off gel mask as a brightening face mask. The research method used is experimental, with observations conducted in a laboratory. The research was conducted from April to August 2024. The concentrations of the extract used were 5%, 10%, and 15%. Organoleptic test results showed that all formulas remained stable during storage. All mask formulas were homogeneous and met the standards in pH testing, spreadability, drying time, and irritation testing. In the hedonic test, the peel-off gel mask formulation 1 was the most preferred by the panelists based on color (66.60%), fragrance (70%), and texture (73.30%). Based on the physical property tests of the peel-off gel mask formulations, it can be concluded that all three formulations with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% met the established standards and proved to be effective as brightening face masks.
PEMBUATAN DAN EVALUASI SIFAT FISIK HAND AND BODY LOTION KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BUAH TOMAT(Solanum lycopersicum.L) DAN EKSTRAK DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.F.
Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have a main source of lycopene, an active component that acts as an antioxidant, and aloe vera contains secondary metabolites such as tannins, lignin, saponins, anthraquinones, flavonoids and sterols. Hand and body lotion has been made from a combination of tomato fruit extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and aloe vera leaves (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.). The aim of this study was to determine the manufacture of hand and body lotion from tomato fruit extract and aloe vera leaf extract. This research method uses a laboratory experimental method, using tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) extract by maceration and aloe vera leaves (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f with a concentration of 1%, 3% and 5%. Tests to evaluate the physical properties of the preparation include homogeneity test, organoleptic test, pH test, hedonic test, irritation test, viscosity. The results of the homogeneity test showed brownish green and semi-solid texture. The pH test results showed that the preparation was able to bind and maintain water evaporation on the skin. formulated in hand and body lotion preparations.
Tomato Fruit Extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT BESI (Fe) DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI SMA NEGERI 1 BONAI DARUSSALAM
Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells is insufficient to meet the physiological needs of the body. A person's physiological needs vary based on age, sex, place of residence, smoking behavior and stage of pregnancy. Adolescent girls who suffer from anemia can experience growth disorders, decreased concentration in learning, lack of enthusiasm in activities because they feel tired quickly. The incidence of anemia can be caused by several factors, namely menstruation, lack of intake of nutrients, diet, medical history, consumption of tea and knowledge of nutrition. Iron (Fe) is an essential microelement for the body. The need for iron in women based on the 2019 RDA is 15 mg/day. Young women need iron intake to replace iron lost through blood that comes out when they have menstruation every month. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between iron (Fe) intake and the incidence of anemia in young women at SMA Negeri 1 Bonai Darussalam. This research is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all young women at SMA Negeri 1 Bonai Darussalam with a total of 92 young women with a sample of 48 students. This study uses univariate and bivariate analysis (Chi Square). The results of the univariate analysis of the sample characteristics showed that the majority of the sample was 16 years old (41.67%), 32 female students (66.67%) ate rare nutrients, and 28 female students (58.33%) who did not experience anemia. Based on the results of statistical tests using Chi Square, it was found that there was a significant relationship between iron (Fe) intake and the incidence of anemia in SMA Negeri 1 Bonai Darussalam with a p-value = 0.001 (p-value <0.05).
Gambaran Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI) Di SMA Negeri 6 Pematang Siantar
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 8-9% of women will experience breast cancer. In the United States, more than 100 sufferers out of 100,000 people died. BSE is to detect breast cancer by observing the breast from the front on the left side and the right side to see if there are any lumps. The sampling method used in the research is non-probability sampling, namely a technique that does not provide equal opportunities for members of the population to be selected as samples. The research population was 30 people and the sample taken by sampling was 30 people. with inclusion, namely the characteristics of young women at SMA Negeri 6 Pematang Siantar who are cooperative and willing to become respondents. From the research results, 22 (73.3%) had good knowledge, 8 (26.7%) had sufficient knowledge, and none were found with insufficient knowledge. The source of information through print media was 2 people (6.7%), while 10 respondents got information through health workers (33.3%), 12 respondents got information through electronic media (40%), and 6 respondents got information through family (20%). Based on age, the majority of respondents were 14-16 years old, 22 people (73.4%), while the minority respondents were 8 people (26.6%). So it can be concluded that the description of young women's knowledge in doing BSE is on average good.
Hubungan Pendidikan Seks Dengan aktivitas Seksual Pada Remaja di SMA 1 Pematang Siantar Tahun 2023
Experience is the time someone uses to gain knowledge, skills, and attitudes according to the frequency and type of their tasks. Coding is a procedure for assigning codes using letters and numbers. The coding activity includes assigning diagnosis codes and medical procedure codes. The experience and knowledge of coders significantly influence the determination of patient disease codes, especially the underlying cause of death codes. The purpose of this study is to understand the experience of coders in determining the underlying cause of death codes at Imelda General Hospital for Indonesian Workers. This study was conducted using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through informant observation and in-depth interviews with 8 participants who met the inclusion criteria. The study used three criteria: (1) Length of work experience, (2) Level of knowledge and skills, and (3) Mastery of tasks. The results of this study show that only one coder has more than 3 years of experience. The level of knowledge and skills among coders in determining the underlying cause of death codes varies and requires further development. The mastery of coders in coding tasks for the underlying cause of death is evident in their understanding and verification steps. Coders demonstrate proficiency in following coding procedures and carrying out verification according to established standards, reflecting mastery of their tasks and supporting the accuracy of medical data at the hospital.
Pengalaman Petugas Koder Dalam Menentukan Kode Penyebab Dasar Kematian Di Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Tahun 2024
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GAMBARAN HARGA DIRI PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA (IPI) MEDAN TAHUN 2022
Pulmonary Tuberculosis can interfere with the physical and psychosocial conditions of patients which affect the self-esteem of patients with pulmonary TB. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of self-esteem in patients with pulmonary TB at Imelda Indonesian Workers Hospital (IPI) Medan. The design of this study uses a descriptive research design. The population is all patients with pulmonary TB who are registered at the Imelda Indonesian Workers Hospital in Medan, with a total of 32 people per year 2018. The sampling method used is total sampling with a sample of 32 respondents. This research was conducted in May-August 2022 at Imelda Indonesian Workers Hospital (IPI) Medan. The variable studied was self-esteem in patients with pulmonary TB. The research data was taken using a questionnaire. The results showed that most of the respondents had a normal level of self-esteem measurement, namely 18 respondents (65.3%) and a small proportion had a low self-esteem measurement level, namely 6 respondents (18.8%). Seeing the results of this study, it is necessary to have counseling activities in order to further minimize the frequency of respondents who have a low level of self-esteem measurement..
TINJAUAN WAKTU PENDISTRIBUSIAN BERKAS REKAM MEDIS RAWAT JALAN KE UNIT PELAYANAN DI RSU IMELDA MEDAN
Correct administration of medical records must be supported by an appropriate, fast and efficient medical record file distribution system. The distribution of medical record files really supports health services, especially good outpatient services. Because of this, sufficient distribution officers are needed so that health implementation can run orderly and smoothly. The method in this research is to use quantitative descriptive, where data collection is obtained from direct observation of outpatient medical record files. The sample in this study took 70 medical record files as samples. From the research results, it was found that 59 or 84.28% of files were distributed on time with an average time of 9 minutes per file and 11 files or 15.71% were not distributed on time with an average time of 14 minutes per file. From the research results of 70 files, it was found that the average distribution time for each file was 10 minutes, so that in this study the distribution system at the Imelda General Hospital was running well. It is hoped that Medical Records officers will continue to implement the correct distribution times
GAMBARAN PELAYANAN INFORMASI OBAT DAN KONSELING MENGENAI PEMBERIAN DAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIBIOTIK DI PUSKESMAS RAMBAH HILIR KECAMATAN RAMBAH HILIR KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU PROVINSI RIAU
Health facilities are responsible for providing affordable health services for the entire community in improving health, maintaining health, treating disease and restoring health. Puskesmas is an example of a health facility. Health service problems that still need to be improved are drug information and counseling services which have an impact on the problem of antibiotic drug abuse which can cause negative impacts in the form of side effects, allergic reactions, and resistance to germs/bacteria and even increase the risk of death. Pharmacy personnel and the community must coordinate with each other in providing drug information and counseling, especially antibiotics, to increase patient knowledge, change patient behavior and lifestyle so that they can increase motivation to cure diseases. The aim of this research is to determine the description of drug information and counseling services regarding the administration and use of antibiotics at the Rambah Hilir I Community Health Center, Rambah Hilir District, Rokan Hulu Regency. The method used is a descriptive method using a questionnaire distributed to respondents. The questionnaire was validated by two expert validators. The sample consisted of 70 outpatients who came to the Rambah Hilir Community Health Center. The sampling technique in this research is accidental sampling. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by displaying the percentage of knowledge level of 76-100% good knowledge level, 56-75% sufficient knowledge level and 0-56% poor knowledge level. The description of drug information and counseling services regarding the administration and use of antibiotics at the Rambah Hilir I Community Health Center, Rambah Hilir District, Rokan Hulu Regency is categorized as sufficient which is associated with the level of knowledge in the sufficient category with the number of respondents being 36 people (51.43%).
ASUPAN GIZI MAKRO DENGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA ATLET SEPAKBOLA DELISERDANG
Physical fitness for soccer athletes is very important because soccer is a sport that demands physical strength, high stamina and good agility. Nutritional intake and fitness are two important aspects that are closely related to supporting the performance of soccer athletes. The nutritional needs of soccer athletes vary depending on several factors, such as age, gender, body weight, training intensity and physical condition. However, in general, soccer athletes require a higher intake of calories, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals compared to ordinary people. Calorie needs are 2,500-3,500 calories per day, Protein 1.2-1.7 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, Carbohydrates 50-60% of total calorie intake, fat around 20-30% of total calorie intake. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake and fitness in Deli Serdang football athletes. This research is a descriptive analytical survey research with a cross sectional study design which aims to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake and fitness in Deli Serdang football athletes (PSDS) in Lubuk Pakam subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency. The sample in this study was 40 respondents. This sample was taken using a total sampling technique. The data collection method was carried out using interviews to determine the identity of the data records of the Deli Serdang football association athletes, macronutrient intake with a food recall questionnaire, and fitness tests. The results of the study showed that the majority of soccer athletes consumed carbohydrates in the insufficient category (55%), the percentage of protein was in the sufficient category (45%), the percentage of fat was in the sufficient category (50%) and the percentage of fitness was in the moderate category (50%). The chi-square test showed a significant relationship (p<0.005) between macronutrient intake; Carbohydrates (p 0.000), Protein (p 0.00) and fat (p 0.00) with fitness in soccer athletes. Athletes must pay attention to proper nutritional intake which plays an important role in providing energy, building and maintaining muscle, and helping the body recover after training and competitions. On the other hand, optimal physical fitness allows athletes to move efficiently, strongly, and endurance on the field..