FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR (MOUTHWASH) DARI EKSTRAK BUAH LEMON (CITRUS LIMON (L.) BURM.F.) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK MULUT

Abstract

Mouthwash is a liquid preparation designed to cleanse the respiratory tract and freshen the oral cavity through the rinsing process. In this study, the mouthwash was formulated using natural ingredients, specifically lemon peel extract. The aim of the research was to evaluate both the physical properties and stability of the lemon peel extract, as well as to assess its antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus mutans. This experimental laboratory study utilized the maceration method with 96% ethanol to obtain the lemon peel extract, and antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method. The results indicate that lemon peel extract can be successfully formulated into a mouthwash that meets physical quality standards, including organoleptic characteristics, pH level, clarity, and homogeneity. The lemon peel mouthwash formulation demonstrated inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus mutans growth, with inhibition zone diameters of 10.2 mm, 11.9 mm, 12.0 mm, 12.1 mm, and 12.1 mm for formulations F1, F2, F3, F4, and the positive control (K+), respectively. The highest inhibition was observed in formulation F4, measuring 12.1 mm, equivalent to the positive control