Faktor Risiko Kehamilan Usia Dini: Tinjauan Literatur
Keywords:
Kehamilan Usia Din, Faktor Risiko, Remaja, Kesehatan Reproduksi, IndonesiaAbstract
Background: Early pregnancy, which occurs in women under 20 years of age, is a public health problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Pregnancy at this age increases the risk of maternal and neonatal complications, such as anemia, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and maternal death. Risk factors for early pregnancy are influenced by sociodemographic factors, education, culture, sexual behavior, and access to health services.
Objective: This review aims to analyze empirical evidence related to risk factors for early pregnancy, with a focus on studies in Asia and Indonesia.
Methods: The approach used was a narrative literature review of open-access journals, official WHO and UNICEF reports, and population and qualitative studies. The data reviewed comprised nine documents, and the search keywords included adolescent pregnancy, early pregnancy, risk factors, and Indonesia/Asia. Included studies addressed individual, family, social, cultural, and structural risk factors that contribute to adolescent pregnancy..
Results: The review indicates that low education, low socioeconomic status, lack of reproductive health knowledge, limited family communication, cultural norms that support early marriage, risky sexual behavior, and limited access to youth-friendly health services are the main risk factors for early pregnancy. Peer pressure and social norms increase the likelihood of adolescents becoming pregnant before they are physically and psychologically mature.
Conclusion: Early pregnancy is a multifactorial phenomenon that requires a multisectoral intervention approach. Prevention strategies should include increased education, reproductive health education, family and community empowerment, and access to youth-friendly health services. These efforts are expected to reduce the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and its negative impact on adolescent health, education, and social well-being
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